At present, the increasing awareness of environmental protection among governments and people around the world has led to the implementation of a more comprehensive environmental regulation, which has had a huge impact on the various sectors of the industry. In the United States, the federal Clean Air Act Amendment Act of 1990 requires the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to impose a more specific restriction on 189 volatile organic compounds and 454 volatile hazardous air pollutants. Many liquid flow pump of oil refinery and chemical plants by the transmission have been considered the main source of these precipitates. More and more people pay attention to the problem of pump leakage. Improvement has sealed pump seal device is an important way to reduce the leakage of pump.
1、 pump technology
In recent years, the world pump industry has made in the research and development of sealing technology achievement is very significant, mainly in the new sealing technology, sealing products and sealing system in three aspects has made great progress.
As a traditional seal structure of the pump seal, due to its a certain amount of leakage and the effect of poor speed and other issues, the use of the field is shrinking. But in recent years, with the gradual elimination of asbestos rope, some new progress has been made in the packing sealing technology. For example, the compression packing seal is currently in the UK industry is showing its strong vitality. This kind of synthetic fiber, ceramic, Teflon and other materials made of low friction compression filler is better than asbestos packing chemical adaptability, abrasion resistance ability, high temperature resistance and longer service life, and the price is not high.
At present, the mechanical seal in the pump seal market share is more and more big, all kinds of new design of the mechanical seal of the market share growth played a great role. The most prominent is the container type seal. This seal is easy to install and maintain, safe and reliable, but the price is very expensive. Another attractive mechanical seal is split seal, this seal can be replaced without dismantling the pump. There is a new type of structure, such as thermal fluid dynamic pressure seal, spare seal and asymmetric metal bellows seal. In addition, the tandem seal and double seal structure and a flushing system with the use, to prevent the leakage of dangerous substances and to permit transmission abrasive media. It is expected that the future development of mechanical seals is likely to focus on the use of “ upstream pumping seal ” and “ magnetic fluid seal ” or similar technology to improve the integrity of the sealing system function. “ seal &rdquo type pump is sent upstream; a sealing surface of the sealing surface groove using a variety of low pressure side (downstream) a small amount of leakage of fluid pumped back to the high side (upstream) of the new concept. “ magnetic fluid seal ” is a new technology derived from the aerospace industry project, with no leakage and no wear characteristics.
2 upstream pumping seal:
“ seal &rdquo type pump is sent upstream; a sealing surface of the sealing surface groove using a variety of low pressure side (downstream) a small amount of leakage of fluid pumped back to the high side (upstream) of the new concept. The utility model relates to a mixed structure between a series seal and a double end face seal. On the structure and working principle, it seems to be a kind of end face sealing structure with a low pressure blocking liquid between two ends. In function, it plays the role of double face seal. The main seal of the pumping mechanism is this: the pressure generated in the seal from the low pressure barrier to the high pressure medium to form a weak end pumping capacity. The common end face seal is made up of a small capacity high pressure — upstream pump seal. The “ a pump ” a small amount of the barrier fluid is pushed along a path normally enclosed by a mechanical seal, and is fed into a sealed chamber. As the pressure in the seal cavity is higher than the barrier, the seal is seen to be pumped upstream. Upstream pumping seal can be applied to toxic and hazardous media, abrasive media and slag slurry, the lubrication of various media and high PV value of the occasion. The symbol PV is a commonly used expression for sealing manufacturers and users to indicate the pressure &mdash of the material in a given fluid. High speed pump is usually a high PV value of the use of conditions, due to the need for a higher pressure on the double face seal buffer, so the use of double face seal will make the situation worse. For a long time, high-speed pump industry has been plagued by high PV value. Upstream pumping seal is basically non-contact operation, thus eliminating the PV component. Due to the need for higher pressure than the seal chamber pressure, the upstream pump seal for the high-speed pump industry to get rid of the plight of an effective way.
The principle of upstream pumping seal is the balance of dynamic water pressure and hydrostatic pressure. The sealing end of the clamping ring, the spring and the main sealing ring is a static component. The groove is a series of recessed logarithmic spiral. The outer part of the spiral groove is called the sealing dam. When the pressure is applied, the hydrostatic pressure is generated on the sealing surface, and this force is generated when the pair of sealing rings is stationary or rotating. Hydrodynamic pressure is produced only when it is rotated. When rotating, the spiral groove plays a decisive role, which can act as a pressure forming device. When the blocking liquid enters the spiral groove, it is drawn to the outside diameter, where the resistance of the sealing dam is obtained. The increase of the pressure makes the flexible installation of the end face can be moved to adjust the sealing gap. A &ldquo pump - throttle valve; ” principle at work, forming a non - contact operation mode, at the same time so that pumping liquid into the high-pressure zone from the area of low pressure. The force of the seal operation is axial. Zhang Kaili is the sum of the pressure generated by the spiral groove and the pressure drop on both sides of the face. If the seal gap is reduced due to interference, the force in the liquid film will increase obviously. Similarly, if the seal gap increases, then the force in the liquid film will be reduced. In these two cases, the original gap will soon be restored. And the static pressure seal is different, the upstream pump seal both dynamic pressure and static pressure, so with the speed and pressure are related. The hydrostatic seal is formed by pressure seal clearance, and speed independent.
3 、magnetic fluid seal:
“ magnetic fluid seal ” is a typical derived technology from NASA's space program, has been more than thirty years of history. Originally developed for the use of the magnetic force to control the flow of fluid in the outer space, rocket technology has been applied to the ground by engineers and technicians. The magnetic fluid mainly consists of three parts: the carrier fluid (usually low vapor pressure of hydrocarbons or fluorocarbons), surfactant (a chemical binder) and magnetic particles (tiny magnetite ball). The surface activator magnetic particles bonded to the carrier fluid to form a colloidal suspension, which produces the corresponding magnetic fluid. In the past thirty years, this simple seal principle has been applied in many structures, there are countless magnetic fluid seal in operation. The utility model can seal the shaft of the vacuum rotary device. Such devices are used in the semiconductor and vacuum industries, which rely on magnetic fluid seals to provide constant quality without leakage or wear. The computer disk drive industry has installed millions of magnetic fluid seals, used as a seal between the drive motor and precision storage devices. The advantage of this seal is: lower installation costs and reliable service life. The main components of magnetic fluid seal includes a magnetic fluid, a magnet ring, two pole piece and a magnetic shaft or sleeve. The magnetic circuit formed by a fixed pole piece and a rotating shaft is used to concentrate the magnetic flux in the radial clearance of the pole piece according to the polarity. When a magnetic fluid is added to the radial clearance, it presents a “ a liquid O ring ” forms and forms a leak free seal around the shaft. All the magnetic fluid seal has the following characteristics: the inherent no external power; no contact, no wear; stationary or rotating shaft without leakage; long and reliable service life; low torque and minimum energy consumption. Magnetic fluid seal also has a unique self recovery characteristics. When the high pressure through the magnetic seal, sealing high pressure area within a short time will make a portion of the magnetic fluid from around the axis of the instantaneous discharge during overpressure condition, the magnetic fluid in the sealing body remains closed, when the interference state after the end, still the original pressure to form a seal.
Dedicated to the pump design model of auxiliary sealing container type magnetic fluid sealing technology is based on current pump manufacturers and users can replace the magnetic drive method of sealing a cost-effective pump and double seal complex system, and it is easy to be refitted in the existing pump. Sealed pumps with this proven technology can meet the most stringent regulations for the control of precipitates. The magnetic fluid seal is the two container seal an auxiliary, it with the main mechanical seal combination, the formation of a volatile organic compound protection system. The &ldquo formed by the magnetic structure and the magnetic fluid; the liquid O shaped ring ” prevents the leakage of the main seal steam leakage, thus forming a closed seal around the pump shaft.
After several years of operation, the pump users agreed that the magnetic fluid seal has the following advantages: the existing pump can easily reinstall the improvement; two kinds of static and dynamic conditions for zero leakage; the installation and use of low cost; instrument is simple, easy to control; to determine the pressure in situ reload and low maintenance requirements;; no seal auxiliary system to block the fluid or complex; no abrasion, maintenance significantly reduced.
The basic structure for container type sealing pump is in accordance with the general acceptance of the whole pump industry design requirements. Through a cooling device can be used (suitable for high temperature gas or device) can choose the purification system (protection sealing element from environmental corrosion), assembled seal can be used in more fields. This seal technology has the unique ability to accurately monitor the performance of the main seal, and can predict failure or identify problems before a serious accident. Since the two magnetic fluid seal has blocked the leakage of all the main seals, a simple flow meter can accurately monitor the main seal, and when the leakage is too large to send an alarm signal. New progress in the study include a whole is installed in the high-pressure liquid container within the seal. The seal will act as a safety device in the event of a major mechanical seal failure. Another research project is to develop a unique way to return to the suction side of the pump, the main seal escaping steam and micro fluid leakage can be two times a sealed container type. In this way, it is possible to cancel the torch or other emission devices and eventually form a closed system for the recovery of volatile organic compounds.
Magnetic fluid sealing technology has proven to be 100% effective for sealing the leakage of the pump. With the gradual understanding and understanding of this technology in the process industry designers and users, the use of this technology will be expanded. It is likely to be an economic and effective way to meet the challenges of environmental sealing in the future.
In China, due to the lack of awareness of environmental protection, environmental regulations are not perfect, coupled with the implementation of the law is not enough, people generally pay attention to the problem of leakage of the pump. So that the domestic pump manufacturers on how to minimize the pump (especially industrial pump) leakage of the research into very little. Compared with the result of domestic pump shaft seal device, development level and the international advanced level gap. With China's accession to the WTO, and puts forward the strategic policy of the last five years, giving priority to the development of environmental protection industry can be expected to improve the seal device of the pump, reducing pump leakage in the future will become a development trend of pumps used in the industry of our country.